1st August

When ethnarchy emerged as an institution in Syria the Cypriots were federated under the Koinon and continued to do so during the next five centuries. Well-known Roman personages were connected to the island including Marcus Cato and Cicero. The first religious leaders Saint Paul Barnabas and Lazarus came one century later. Christian emissaries came in the fourth century starting from Saint Helena. Later Spyrido Epiphany and others implemented the imperial orders issued by the emperors up to the time of Justinian. These emissaries abolished the Koinon and the Synod convened by the Church took over temporal authority. <br>The Crusaders as from the end of the 12th century established a feudal rule under Kings Guy Aimery Hugh I Henry I [the fat] Hugh II Hugh III John I Henry II Hugh IV Peter I Peter II James I Janus John II James II and Katerina Cornaro. During their reign they were under the suzerainty Frederic II Emperor of Germany replaced by the Pope as from 1233. <br>From the time of King John II in 1432 a second embassy left for Kairo recognizing one more servitude to the Mamluk Sultan and the payment of tax. Venice took over in 1489 and the Ottomans in 1571. The quasi-ethnarchy under Constitutio Cypria came to an end and was replaced by the Oath of Submission to the Ottoman Sultan enforced up to 1927; however Archbishop Makarios III retained the ethnarch title during his lifetime up to the year 1977.