A Conflict of Ideas in the Late Roman Empire: The Clash Between the Senate and Valentinian I

Professor Alfoldi describes the conflict in the reign of Emperer Valentinian I between the old world of pagan thought and custom and the new order created by the conversion to Christianity of Constantine the Great. Despite Valentinians noble policy of tolerance he regarded the practice of magic by leading Roman nobles which the Senate and aristocracy of Rome considered acceptable maintenance of traditional rites as disloyalty and dangerous to his person and to the state. In Valentinians reign the struggle was manifested in the trials of practitioners of magic.