This overview of timber harvesting in the Bawaanda group will enable us to study the socio-economic effects and environmental challenges of timber harvesting in the Bawanda group which have become bottlenecks in the development of this area as a whole.The overall aim of this work is to analyze the socio-economic effects and environmental challenges of timber harvesting with a view to regulating the laws to ensure sound environmental management and good living conditions for the population: 33% of respondents confirmed that wood is exploited by local households and 61% of respondents confirmed that wood is exploited by economic operators from Bukavu; The main consequences of over-exploitation of wood are climatic disruption; soil degradation (erosion) and the destruction of rare species such as : Sougué (Parinari excelsa) carapa-grandifolio pronuis africana; are plant species.