A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK ON VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS FOR UNDERGRADUATES

Volumetric analysis also known as titration is a fundamental technique in analytical chemistry that plays a crucial role in quantitative analysis. It involves the precise measurement of the volume of a solution of known concentration that reacts with a solution of unknown concentration. Volumetric analysis is widely taught and practiced in undergraduate chemistry courses as it provides a practical understanding of chemical reactions stoichiometry and accurate measurement techniques.It aims to provide undergraduate students with an overview of volumetric analysis emphasizing its importance basic principles and practical applications. It begins by introducing the fundamental concept of titration highlighting its relevance in determining the concentration of acids bases and other analytes.It discusses the essential equipment used in volumetric analysis including burettes pipettes and volumetric flasks. The proper handling calibration and measurement techniques for these instruments are emphasized to ensure accurate results. Students are introduced to various types of titrations such as acid-base redox and complexometric titrations.