Alterations of the Sister Chromatid Exchange frequency in peripheral lymphocytes caused by an Ironman triathlon

Diploma Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Medicine - Human Genetics grade: 10 University of Vienna (Institut für Ernährungswissenschaften) language: English abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a triathlon (3.8 km swim 180 km cycle 422 km run) on the genomic stability of nine highly trained non- professional athletes. Therefore the SCE assay a relevant biological response marker for genotoxicity in human biomonitoring studies [PENDZICH et al. 1997] was performed using peripheral lymphocytes on account of their effortless accessibility [WILKOSCY and RYNARD 1990].Duplicate lymphocyte cell cultures of each participant were incubated for 72 h (37°C 5% CO2) according to a short-term human lymphocyte cell culture. For each participant at least 50 metaphases containing 43-46 chromosomes were scored to evaluate the mean SCE frequency. The number of SCEs per cell was calculated to a chromosome set of a normal diploid human cell containing 46 chromosomes. In the present study the alteration of SCE frequency 48 h pre- and 24 h postrace was evaluated. As an additional endpoint Top 5 HFCs (highest five absolute SCE means) were assayed. It could be demonstrated that both the total mean SCE frequency and the mean Top 5 HFC frequency (n=9) 24 h postrace were significantly decreased (*p< 0.05) compared to 48 h prerace values. Considering the training status a significant negative correlation between the relative SCE changes before and after the triathlon was observed for the cycling training per week (km) (r=-0.86; **p< 0.01) the running training per week (km) (r=-0.90; *p< 0.05) as well as for the weekly net exercise training time (h) (r=-0.89; *p< 0.05). The relative changes of Top 5 HFCs before and after the race correlated significantly with the cycling training per week (km) (r=-0.79; *p< 0.05) and with the body mass index (kg/m2) (r=-0.69; *p< 0.05). These findings suggest the existence of endogenous