Highlighting the roles of ecology culture history and political economy this book considers how the unique mountain ecology and socio-cultural patterns of the Himalayan region of Ladakh contribute to a peculiar pattern of infant mortality. It stresses the burdens of women''s work in this region as crucial to birth outcome. An example of a new genre of anthropological work called ethnographic human biology this study utilizes the methodology of human biology but strongly emphasizes the ethnographic context that provides meaning for human biological measures.