An Introduction to Millikelvin Technology

Betts presents a concise introduction to the experimental technicalities of low and ultralow temperature physics research. He has made extensive use of diagrams as aids to understanding and refers the reader to the professional literature as soon as the level of the text is high enough. Topics covered include all aspects of low temperature technology beginning with an introduction to the thermodynamic principles of refrigeration and thermometry. The text also covers the properties of fluid 3He/4He mixtures and all the means of achieving low temperatures including dilution and Pomeranchuk refrigeration and adiabatic nuclear demagnetization.