Anatomical Description Ecology and Biotechnology of Huizache

Huizache is one of the most important shrubs or small trees in disturbed areas of the dry regions of Mexico. The genus Vachellia includes approximately 1300 species that are widely distributed across tropical regions worldwide. In Mexico around 84 species are recognized as native with 30 of them being endemic. The aim of this book is to describe the characteristics and properties of the species Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn. including its anatomical description as well as to address relevant aspects of biotechnology ecology and the use of this species for the remediation of abiotic stress. The morphology of V. farnesiana including its fruits leaves stem and flowers is described in detail. No prior studies were found on the anatomical description of the huizache possibly due to the limited attention given to desert species as most are not considered commercially valuable for timber. These plants are commonly propagated via seeds but this can be challenging due to their slow germination rates. Generally woody plants are difficult to regenerate in vitro but there have been successes particularly with trees in the Fabaceae family. Species of the genus Vachellia including V. farnesiana possess properties that confer remarkable phytoremediation capacity demonstrating great efficacy in absorbing heavy metals and organic compounds. Despite its importance the huizache faces various threats such as deforestation and climate change which has created a need to implement conservation strategies and sustainable management for this species.