Anchoring an Empire

Anchoring an Empire is a bottom-up exploration of how gender and ethnicity shaped the lived experience of Spanish subjects across the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century isthmus of Panama. Focusing on understudied historical actors Bethany Aram sheds light on how indigenous Americans Afro-descendants and Europeans contributed to critical debates on race and gender. From the Caribbean port cities of Nombre de Díos and Portobello to Panama Viejo on the Pacific coast free enslaved and in-between women and men managed to become arbiters of Spanish and competing interests. Those who lived and died in these cities sustained them as hubs of interaction communication and commerce. Whether victims beneficiaries – or both – of the slave trade these individuals found ways to meet and to exploit the region''s episodic demand for housing provisions and other services. Their expertise grounded global transport and trade with a lasting impact on processes of mobility and globalization.