<p>Applications of Medical Physics is a Special Issue of <em>Applied Sciences</em> that has collected original research manuscripts describing cutting-edge physics developments in medicine and their translational applications. Reviews providing updates on the latest progresses in this field are also included. The collection includes a total of 20 contributions by authors from 9 different countries which cover several areas of medical physics spanning from radiation therapy nuclear medicine radiology dosimetry radiation protection and radiobiology.</p>