ASSESSMENT OF BOREHOLE WATER HARDNESS ACROSS AFRICA

The increasing reliance on borehole water as a primary source of drinking water across Africa raises significant concerns regarding its quality and safety. This book assesses the physicochemical characteristics and hardness status of borehole water in various regions of Africa focusing on its implications for public health. Water samples were collected from multiple boreholes and key parameters such as total hardness pH turbidity electrical conductivity and concentrations of essential minerals (calcium magnesium) were analyzed. Preliminary findings indicate that while some samples fall within acceptable limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and local standards others exhibit elevated levels of hardness and contaminants that could pose health risks to consumers. The results highlight the need for regular monitoring and management of borehole water quality to ensure its potability and safeguard public health. This research contributes to a growing body of knowledge aimed at improving water quality standards across Africa and underscores the importance of sustainable water resource management in addressing the continent's water security challenges.