Attitudes

<p>The study of likes and dislikes - what social psychologists refer to as "attitudes" - has been a central focus of the field for decades. What are attitudes? How can we study and measure them scientifically? How are they formed and changed? Of what functional value, if any, are they? How do they come to influence our attention, perception, judgments, and behavior? These are among the questions that have spurred social psychological research on attitudes, and they are among the issues addressed in this volume.</p><p>The articles reprinted in this collection represent noteworthy developments in the field's understanding of attitudes. Together, the readings provide a representative and broad coverage of the literature, illustrating well what the field has come to learn about the structure, function, and consequences of attitudes.</p> <p>Part 1: <strong>Conceptualizing Attitudes</strong>. Zanna,Rempel, Attitudes: A New Look at an Old Concept. Fazio, Sanbonmatsu,Powell, Kardes, On the Automatic Activation of Attitudes. Part 2: <strong>Measurement of Attitudes</strong>. Thurstone, Attitudes can be Measured. Schwarz, Self-Reports: How the Questions Shape the Answers. Cacioppo, Petty, Losch, Kim, Electromyographic Activity over Facial Muscle Regions can Differentiate the Valence and Intensity of Affective Reactions. Fazio,Jackson, Dunton, Williams, Variability in Automatic Activation as an Unobtrusive Measure of Racial Attitudes: A Bona Fide Pipeline? Greenwald, McGhee, Schwartz, Measuring Individual Differences in Implicit Cognition: The Implicit Association Test. Part 3: <strong>Affective, Cognitive, and Behavioral Bases of Attitudes</strong>. Fishbein, An Investigation of the Relationships between Beliefs about an Object and the Attitude toward that Object. Zajonc, Feeling and Thinking: Preferences Need No Inferences. Chaiken,Baldwin, Affective-Cognitive Consistency and the Effect of Salient Behavioral Information on the Self-Perception of Attitudes. Haddock, Zanna, Esses, Assessing the Structure of Prejudicial Attitudes: The Case of Attitudes toward Homosexuals. Newby-Clark, McGregor, Zanna, Thinking and Caring about Cognitive Inconsistency: When and for Whom does Attitudinal Ambivalence Feel Uncomfortable? Part 4: <strong>Functions of Attitudes</strong>. Katz, The Functional Approach to the Study of Attitudes. Snyder,DeBono, Appeals to Image and Claims about Quality: Understanding the Psychology of Advertising. Petty,Wegener, Matching versus Mismatching Attitude Functions: Implications for Scrutiny of Persuasive Messages. Fein,Spencer, Prejudice as Self-Image Maintenance: Affirming the Self through Derogating Others. Fazio,Blascovich,Driscoll, On the Functional Value of Attitudes: The Influence of Accessible Attitudes on the Ease and Quality of Decision Making. Wilson,Schooler, Thinking Too Much: Introspection can Reduce the Quality of Preferences and Decisions.Part 5:<strong>Impact of Attitudeson Perception and Judgment</strong>. Hastorf,Cantril, They Saw a Game: A Case Study. Gord, Ross, Lepper, Biased Assimilation and Attitude Polarization: The Effects of Prior Theories on Subsequently Considered Evidence. Ross, McFarland, Fletcher, The Effect of Attitude on the Recall of Personal Histories. Roskos-Ewoldsen,Fazio, On the Orienting Value of Attitudes: Attitude Accessibility as a Determinant of an Object’s Attraction of Visual Attention. Sweeney,Gruber, Selective Exposure: Voter Information Preferences and the Watergate Affair. Part 6: <strong>Impact of Attitudeson Behavior</strong>. LaPiere, Attitudes versus Actions. Lord, Lepper, Mackie, Attitude Prototypes as Determinants of Attitude-Behavior Consistency. Ajzen, Fishbein, Attitudinal and Normative Variables as Predictors of Specific Behaviors. Fazio,Williams, Attitude Accessibility as a Moderator of the Attitude-Perception and Attitude-Behavior Relations: An Investigation of the 1984 Presidential Election. Jordan, Zanna, Appendix: How to Read a Journal Article in Social Psychology.</p>