<p>Today's world is fraught with crisis and uncertainty. This creates a significant obstacle in child rearing and development. Children inherently a vulnerable demographic are at the epicenter of these crises. Approaches to address these problems need to be based on high-quality scientific research to understand the root causes and determine effective approaches to reduce behavioral and mental health problems in children (BMPC). This is a special research reprint focusing on BMPC. It collected 14 high-quality papers from authors distributed across many countries including the United States France China Japan Israel and Thailand. This reprint included two main sections. The first section aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the social and mental mechanisms leading to BMPC. The second section aimed to develop behavioral and mental health promotion strategies and policies for children as well as to provide some considerations in the design and implementation of effective intervention programs. We believe that this reprint is of great significance for the development and progress of research and practice in the area of children's behavior and mental health. This reprint is suitable as a reference book for researchers and also has significance for guiding practical workers in this field. In the end we noted that in some papers it was necessary to further improve them to obtain in-depth and comprehensive overviews and to expand on the design and implementation of effective intervention programs.</p>