货殖列传 Biographies Of Extremely Wealthy Businessmen

<p>内容简介</p><p></p><p>Brief Introduction</p><p></p><p>出自《史记》卷一百二十九、列传第六十九。这是专门记叙从事货殖活动的杰出人物的类传。也是反映司马迁经济思想和物质观的重要篇章。货殖是指谋求滋生资货财利以致富而言。即利用货物的生产与交换，进行商业活动，从中生财求利。司马迁所指的货殖，还包括各种手工业，以及农、牧、渔、矿山、冶炼等行业的经营在内。</p><p></p><p>This text is from Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji) Scroll 129 Biography 69 which focuses on influential figures in wealth generation (huòzhí). It reflects Sima Qian's economic ideas and views on material prosperity. Huòzhí refers to activities like trade agriculture mining and crafts aimed at generating wealth.</p><p></p><p>翦伯赞曾高度评价司马迁以锐利的眼光，注视着社会经济方面，而写成其有名的《货殖列传》。钱钟书在论及司马迁这篇《货殖列传》时说：当世法国史家深非史之为'大事记'体者，专载朝政军事，而忽诸民生日用；马迁传《游侠》已属破格，然尚以传人为主，此篇则全非'大事记'、'人物志'，于新史学不啻乎辟鸿蒙矣。（《管锥编·史记会注考证》）总之，史学界公认：历史思想及于经济，是书盖为创举。</p><p></p><p>Historian Jian Bozan praised Sima Qian for his groundbreaking focus on socioeconomics in this chapter. Qian Zhongshu noted that while traditional historians emphasized politics and war Sima Qian's work broke norms by highlighting commerce and daily life making it revolutionary for its time. Scholars agree that integrating economic analysis into history was Sima Qian's unparalleled innovation.</p><p></p><p>作者简介</p><p></p><p>Author Introduction</p><p></p><p>司马迁（约公元前145或前135年-？），夏阳（在今陕西韩城西南）人。出身史学世家，父亲司马谈官至太史令。司马迁十岁时随父到长安，先后求学于董仲舒和孔安国门下。二十岁开始游历名山大川，所到之处均考察风俗，采集史迹传说。继承父亲太史令的职位后，司马迁得以饱览朝廷藏书，又随汉武帝到各地巡游，增长了见识；他同时开始着手整理史料，以完成父亲写一部名主贤君、忠臣死义之事的通史的遗愿。</p><p></p><p>Sima Qian (c. 145/135 BCE-?) born in Xiayang (modern Hancheng Shaanxi) came from a family of historians-his father Sima Tan served as Grand Historian. At ten he moved to Chang'an studying under scholars Dong Zhongshu and Kong Anguo. By twenty he traveled China documenting customs and historical lore. After inheriting his father's post he accessed imperial archives accompanied Emperor Wu on tours and began compiling materials to fulfill his father's dream of a grand historical chronicle.</p><p></p><p>汉武帝天汉二年（公元前99年），李陵出征匈奴时因友军接应不力身陷重围，在矢尽粮绝的情况下投降匈奴，司马迁因上疏为李陵辩护触怒武帝，被处以宫刑。受此大辱，司马迁愤不欲生，但为了实现自己的理想，决心隐忍苟活。出狱后任中书令，继续发愤著书，完成了被鲁迅先生誉为史家之绝唱，无韵之离骚的名著《史记》。</p><p></p><p>In 99 BCE he defended general Li Ling who surrendered after being abandoned in battle angering Emperor Wu. Sima was castrated but chose to live in shame to complete his work. Later as Palace Secretary he wrote Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian) praised by Lu Xun as history's pinnacle a lyrical epic without rhyme.</p>