Biomass Chars

<p>Biomass can be converted to energy biofuels and bioproducts via thermochemical conversion processes such as combustion pyrolysis and gasification. Combustion technology is most widely applied on an industrial scale. However biomass gasification and pyrolysis processes are still in the research and development stage. The major products from these processes are syngas bio-oil and char (called also biochar for agronomic application). Among these products biomass chars have received increasing attention for different applications such as gasification co-combustion catalysts or adsorbents precursors soil amendment carbon fuel cells and supercapacitors. This Special Issue provides an overview of biomass char production methods (pyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization etc.) characterization techniques (e.g. scanning electronic microscopy X-ray fluorescence nitrogen adsorption Raman spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption and mass spectrometry) their properties and their suitable recovery processes.</p>