C Compilers for ASIPs

1. 1 Motivation Digital information technology has revolutionized the world during the last few decades. Todayabout98%ofprogrammabledigitaldevicesareactuallyembedded [132]. Theseembeddedsystemshavebecomethemainapplicationareaofinfor- tiontechnologyhardwareandarethebasistodeliverthesophisticatedfunctionality of todays technical devices. As shown in Fig. 1. 1(a) current forecasts predict a worldwideembeddedsystemmarketof$88billionin2009. Millions of Gates 40 25% 300 2004 35 Available Gates 2009 250 20% Used Gates AAGR% 30 200 Design Productivity Gap 25 15% Design Productivity Gap 20 150 10% 15 100 10 5% 50 32 55 25 50 5 20 47 43 10 8 123 08 0 0 0% 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 America Europe Japan Asia-Pacific (a) Global embedded systems revenue and (b) Crisis of complexity [217] average annual growth rate(AAGR) [103] Fig. 1. 1 Embeddedsystemdesign Overthepastfewyearstheever-increasingcomplexityandperformancerequi- mentsofnewwirelesscommunicationsautomotiveandconsumerelectronicsapp- cations are changing the way embedded systems are designed and implemented today. InconformitywithMooreslaw[99]onedrivingforceistherapidprogress in deep-submicron process technologies. Chip designers and manufacturers have constantly pushed the envelope of technological and physical constraints. In fact designers have more gates at their disposal than ever before. However current M. HohenauerR. Leupers C Compilers for ASIPs 1 DOI10. 1007/978-1-4419-1176-6 1 C SpringerScience+BusinessMediaLLC2010 $Billions 2 1 Introduction mainstream-embeddedsystemdesignsarenotusingatleast50%ofthesiliconarea availabletothem(Fig. 1. 1(b)). Thegrowthindesigncomplexitythreatenstooutpace thedesignersproductivityonaccountofunmanageabledesignsizesandtheneed formoredesigniterationsduetodeep-submicroneffects. Thisphenomenonisalso referredtoas crisis of complexity[103]andcomesalongwithexponentiallygr- ing non-recurring engineering (NRE) costs (Fig. 1. 2) to design and manufacture chips. Understandablythesecostsonlyamortizeforverylargevolumesorhigh-end products. $100. 000. 000. 00000 $10. 000. 000. 00000 $1. 000. 000. 00000 $100. 000. 00000 RTL Methodology Future Improvements $10. 000. 00000 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Fig. 1.