<p>This Reprint presents the state-of-the-art research progress in the field of carbon-based nanomaterials applied in water and wastewater treatment.</p><p>This Reprint brings into the spotlight contemporary research on the development and exploration of carbon materials in water and wastewater treatment distinguished by their exceptional adsorptive capacities high pollutant-removal efficiencies multifunctionality structural stability cost-effectiveness and environmental congeniality. Topics may include but are not limited to studies on innovative integrated processes for the removal of emerging pollutants; the application of carbon-based materials in actual industrial wastewater; and novel carbon-based material synthesis technology.</p>