Characterisation of Carbons Formed in Coal-injected Blast Furnaces

Blast furnace is the dominant route for iron-makingworldwide. Coal injection into blast furnaces tosubstitute for some of the metallurgical coke becomeswidely practiced because of the increasing price ofmetallurgical coke and need to reduce theenvironmental impact of the coke-making process.However coal injection at rates higher than 200 kgcoal/tonne of hot metal which are still less thanthe theoretical limit has been often found to causefurnace operational problems. Whilst many researchefforts have already been made the fate ofinjectant coal in the furnace is still not fullyunderstood. The extent of coal consumption cannot beregularly measured either at present. This bookintroduces our research work to gain a betterunderstanding of coal consumption in blast furnacesand to develop analytical methods for fasterestimation of the consumption extent. In particulara quantitative method based on Raman spectroscopy hasbeen developed to differentiate between a wide rangeof carbons. This book is useful to blast furnaceoperators researchers who are interested in heavycarbonaceous materials and anyone else in the fieldof coal science and technology.