Chemically-Induced DNA Damage Mutagenesis and Cancer

Human cancers frequently arise from exposure to chemicals although radiation oxidation and genetic factors play critical roles as well. DNA damage by these agents in a cell is an important first step in the process of carcinogenesis. DNA repair processes have evolved to repair these damages. However the replication of damaged DNA may occur frequently prior to repair resulting in gene mutations and the generation of altered proteins. Mutations in an oncogene a tumor-suppressor gene or a gene that controls the cell cycle give rise to a clonal cell population with an advantage in proliferation. The complex process of carcinogenesis includes many such events but has been generally considered to be comprised of the three main stages known as initiation promotion and progression which ultimately give rise to the induction of human cancer. The articles published in this book entitled Chemically-Induced DNA Damage Mutagenesis and Cancer provide an overview on the topic of the consequence of DNA damage in the context of human cancer with their challenges and highlights.