Comparative Kinetics and Distribution to Target Tissues of Organophosphates Using Physiologically- Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling

<p>A physiologically - based pharmacokinetic model has been developed to examine the effects of organophosphates on the levels of acetylcholine in different tissues throughout the mammalian body. Many organophosphate-like chemical and kinetic characteristics are tested without reference to a specific chemical. Characteristics include partition coefficients metabolic constants the inhibition coefficient the aging rate and the regeneration rate. Two separate exposure scenarios are tested and compared against a baseline. The baseline consists of a direct inhalation exposure. The first exposure scenario examines the effects of bronchial scrubbing (via inhalation) and the second scenario is a study of dermal exposures and compares the levels of ACh in the different tissues with those in the inhalation (baseline) tests. Organophosphates that are absorbed directly into the bronchial tissue exhibit little variation on the levels of ACh buildup in any of the tissue groups tested when compared to the inhalation exposures. No matter what the scrubbing coefficient used or the combination of the parameters (partition coefficients inhibition coefficient aging rate and regeneration rate) values the change in ACh was minimal. The results showed different behavior between inhalation and dermal exposures. The dermal results suggest that an individual may have additional time to don protective equipment before the levels of ACh are high enough to render the person incapable of doing so.</p><p>This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore you will see the original copyright references library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world) and other notations in the work.</p><p>This work is in the public domain in the United States of America and possibly other nations. Within the United States you may freely copy and distribute this work as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.</p><p>As a reproduction of a historical artifact this work may contain missing or blurred pages poor pictures errant marks etc. Scholars believe and we concur that this work is important enough to be preserved reproduced and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.</p>