D-Day Deception

Before landing in France on D-Day June 6 1944 the Allies executed an elaborate deception plan designed to prevent the Germans from concentrating forces in Normandy. The lesser-known first part Fortitude North suggested a threat to Norway. The more famous Fortitude South indicated that the invasion would occur at the Pas de Calais rather than Normandy largely by creating a fictitious army group under Gen. George S. Patton. While historians have generally praised Operation Fortitude Barbier takes a more nuanced view arguing that the deception while implemented well affected the invasion''s outcome only minimally.A much-needed reassessment of the deception operation that preceded the Allied invasion of Europe in World War II Involves double agents fake equipment phantom units and famous commanders