Democracy and Religion

This book relates the political history of mid-nineteenth-century Britain to the assumptions which then prevailed about the abstract moral purposes of political activity. A great number of mid-Victorian writers and politicians expressed far-reaching hopes for the future development of British society indeed for its regeneration; and such hopes were inspired by their religious outlook. They contended that these aims would be promoted by the pursuit by governments of particular educational ecclesiastical Irish and other policies. Part I of this book examines at length the varying aspirations in this direction of the different elements of Gladstone's Liberal party. In addition to Gladstone's own views those of whigs broad churchmen theist intellectuals high churchmen liberal Catholics nonconformists secularist radicals and spokesmen for working-men's interests are all analysed in an account which ranges far beyond the time limits suggested by the book's title. Part II recounts the disputes within the party which these conflicting aims provoked between 1867 and 1875. These years were marked by the rise and fall of Gladstone's first and most active government by the disestablishment of the Irish Church in 1869 and the passage of the 1870 Elementary Education Act. In addition politicians were introduced to a long series of broader and more intangible problems with connotations for religious and political stability -- including those thrown up by the 1867 Reform Act the Vatican Council the Franco-Prussian war the progress of the free-thinking movement the rise of the home rule party in Ireland and the growth of ritualism within the Church of England. Dr Parry shows howthe attempt to tackle these issues slowly paralysed the effectiveness of Gladstone's government leading to its fall in 1874 and to a crisis about the identity of British Liberalism which was never subsequently resolved. A long introduction and conclusion reassess the his