Design and performance study of fractals for wireless applications

The rapid progress of wireless communications in the recent years made the mobile systems smaller and compact. To meet this miniaturization requirement the radiating element used in the mobile units should possess dimensions diminished accordingly. Also it is evident from the open literature that modern wireless applications like mobile communications (GSM 890-960 MHz) digital communication systems (1710-1880 MHz) universal mobile telecommunication system (1920-2170 MHz) Global positioning system (GPS 1575-1227 MHz) Paging (Pg 931-932 MHz) and Wireless local area networks (WLAN 2.40-2.48 GHz 5.4 GHz) demand for bandwidth specification. Printed microstrip planar patch antennas with features like simple low profile conformal for mounting on any platform holding the design specifications.