<p><span style=color: rgba(23 43 77 1)>As proteins and peptides are the most abundant and versatile biomolecules playing many critical roles in nearly every life process many proteins/peptides are also strongly associated with human health and diseases. Various protein/peptide molecules have been proposed as biomarkers with potential diagnostic or prognostic value and renewed interests in exploring peptides/proteins as crucial targets for therapeutic purposes have arisen. Bioactive proteins/peptides including various enzymes antibodies and peptide hormones have been developed and serve as biopharmaceuticals for clinical use. In addition the advances in protein/peptide technology include the development of pharmaceutical molecular platforms such as peptide nanoparticles and drug delivery systems.</span></p><p><span style=color: rgba(23 43 77 1)>This Special Issue aimed to present research articles that address the topic of biopharmaceutical proteins/peptides. Studies that contribute to advancing the molecular engineering and production process of biopharmaceutical peptides/proteins as well as papers providing novel application-oriented perspectives were also included.</span></p>