Dictators As Gatekeepers For Europe: Outsourcing EU Border Controls to Africa

Dictators as Gatekeepers for Europe is a detailed journalistic account of how the EU is attempting to limit mobility within the African continent as a matter of the EUs domestic policy agenda hence the title hinting at the many agreements (with Turkey Libya Sudan) aimed at blocking migrants from approaching the European continent. The new Berlin Wall not only encircles Europe but also generates a proliferation of militarised borders in Africa. ...To summarise the authors argue Europe desires protected borders and open markets. The novelty is the amount of material that this book contains about African desires and strategies both as a continent and as single states. This in particular makes the work a collection of extremely valuable directions of research. In fact Africa if one were to simplify the continents intentions is depicted as aspiring to the exact opposite of Europe namely open borders (with the African Union aspiring to free movement within the continent) and protected markets (protected from Western corporate predatory strategies). Moreover contrary to the narrative of aid according to which the West helps develop Africa the figures quoted by the authors suggest the opposite: while Sub-Saharan Africa receives $134 billion a year in development funding $192 billions flow out of Africa with $46 billion in profit for major corporations and another $35 billion vanishing in tax havens (218). The USA is divided around the wall President Trump wants to build along the Mexican border. Europe has long answered this question at its own southern border: put up that wall but dont make it look like one. Today the EU is trying to close as many deals as it can with African states making it harder and harder for refugees to find protection and more dangerous for labour migrants to reach places where they can earn an income. But this is not the only effect: the more Europe tries to control migration from Africa the harder it becomes for many Africans to move freely through their own continent even within their own countries.