Early Detection

Dispelling the common notion that American women became activists in the fight against female cancer only after the 1970s Kirsten E. Gardner traces women’s cancer education campaigns back to the early twentieth century. Focusing on breast cancer but using research on cervical ovarian and uterine cancers as well Gardner’s examination of films publications health fairs and archival materials shows that women have promoted early cancer detection since the inception of the American Society for the Control of Cancer in 1913. While informing female audiences about cancer risks these early activists also laid the groundwork for the political advocacy and patient empowerment movements of recent decades.<br/><br/>By the 1930s there were 300000 members of the Women’s Field Army working together with women’s clubs. They held explicit discussions about the risks detection and incidence of cancer and by mid-century were offering advice about routine breast self-exams and annual Pap smears. The feminist health movement of the 1970s Gardner explains heralded a departure for female involvement in women’s health activism. As before women encouraged early detection but they simultaneously demanded increased attention to gender and medical research patient experiences and causal factors. Our understanding of today’s vibrant feminist health movement is enriched by Gardner’s work recognizing women’s roles in grassroots educational programs throughout the twentieth century and their creation of supportive networks that endure today.