Early Steps to the foundation of Modern Turkey

Essay from the year 2011 in the subject History of Europe - Modern Times Absolutism Industrialization grade: A St. Mary's University course: Politics of the Middle East language: English abstract: The modern Republic of Turkey has been hesitant to embrace its Ottoman past for nearly three quarters of a century following the years of its foundation. During the Ottoman period majority of the people were living an Islamic lifestyle under the guidance of traditional Islamic shari'a law. This situation was challenging to the modern secular ideas of the young republic. In order to overcome this problem the new secular state controlled religious affairs and abolished the institution of Caliphate. Morever founders of the modern Turkey created a National Assembly and which served as the early steps to the representative democracy. There were series of reforms on the education military system women's rights and general dress code for public places. However although Ataturk and his friends' contribution to the Turkish modernization is undeniable it should be made clear that his ideas were inspired both by the realities of his time and more importantly the reforms of the late Ottoman period. Thus contrary to what primary level education which is taught in state schools in Turkey suggests it is hard to claim that he singlehandedly invented all the ideas and reforms concerning the Turkish modernization. In fact the idea of Turkish modernization long predates the foundation of the secular republic. There had been reforms from top to down during the nineteenth century. These were followed by a new group of intellectuals who were influenced by the ideas of Enlightenment and French Revolution who were called 'Young Turks'. The Young Turk movement which was emerged among the students of higher learning schools of Istanbul attracted many other members of the society. The members of the movement were united in their opposition to the personal rule of the Sultan and cr