Education in Post-War Somalia: Developing an Integrated Thematic Model

Somalia collapsed into civil war In January 1991 Kaptejins (2013) asserts that the civil war was essentially a “cleansing war”. After the civil war and state collapse cultural identity disintegrated (Hohne 2006) political identity became dominant in serving the state agenda as states re-emerged- state of Somaliland in the northwest Puntland in the Northeast and Central Southern Somalia (Banaadir) . Each state reinforced clan identity as the Isaaq in Somaliland (self-declared republic) the Majertin (Darood) in Puntland and Hawiye in Banaadir zone.The long period of war and absence of a national government overwhelmed the education system especially the school curriculum. There was no national curriculum after the state collapse in 1991 (Cassaneli &Abdikadir 2008; Hussein 2015; UNESCO 2008). Religious schools remained the only source of effective early childhood education during the collapsed period. The UNESCO and the UNICEF and other NGOs played major roles in funding supervision and most importantly providing learning resources and material for students in opened schools.