Endogenous development of oral societies

Around the year 1960 when most of the former French colonies in Africa (AEF and AOF) among others gained their formal independence the momentum of Development (historical process by which a country identifies its major problems (a) gives itself the means (b) and the strategy to resolve them (c) for the benefit of the populations) was already encapsulated by the 11 secret Agreements signed between France and its colonial territories in Africa by means of the legendary naivety of African leaders more concerned with their stay in Power than the well-being of the populations thus depriving Africa of the main pillar of its Development: Sovereignty because of the renunciation of autonomy (a) the acceptance of military bases (b) the adoption of the CFA Franc (c) and the French language with the status of working and education language (d) as subtle mechanisms allowing France to pursue its colonial objectives by banking on the stupidity of its Prefects placed at the head of African States to never do anything but its will at the risk of being instantly dismissed.