Environmental protection and sustainability is one of the major concerns in present scenario. Due to versatility and recognition as an emerging field biotechnology has significantly impacted various technologies basedon biological processes in manufacturing agriculture food processing medical environmental protection and resource conservation. Recent advances in biosorption of heavy metals role of microorganisms in sustainable waste management application of biosorbents in pharmaceutical waste decontamination wastewater and smudged soil decontamination through biotechnology wastewater treatment using adsorbent technology water pollution prevention and remedies for safe drinking water are included in this book.