Errors in Language Learning and Use

<p><i>Errors in Language Learning and Use</i> is an up-to-date introduction and guide to the study of errors in language, and is also a critical survey of previous work. Error Analysis occupies a central position within Applied Linguistics, and seeks to clarify questions such as `Does correctness matter?', `Is it more important to speak fluently and write imaginatively or to communicate one's message?' <br><br>Carl James provides a scholarly and well-illustrated theoretical and historical background to the field of Error Analysis. The reader is led from definitions of error and related concepts, to categorization of types of linguistic deviance, discussion of error gravities, the utility of teacher correction and towards writing learner profiles. Throughout, the text is guided by considerable practical experience in language education in a range of classroom contexts worldwide.</p> <p>General editor's preface<br>Author's preface<br>Abbreviations<br> <br><strong>1. Definition and Delimitation</strong><br>Human error<br>Successive paradigms<br>Interlanguage and the veto on comparison<br>Learners and native speakers<br>The heyday of Error Analysis<br>Mounting criticism of Error Analysis<br>Data collection for Error Analysis<br> <br><strong>2. The Scope of Error Analysis</strong><br>Good English for the English<br>Good English for the L2 learner<br>The native speaker and the power dimension<br>The Incompleteness hypothesis<br> <br><strong>3. Defining 'Error'</strong> <br>Ignorance<br>Measures of deviance<br>Other Dimensions of Error: Error and Mistake<br>Error: Mistake and Acquisition: Learning - An Equation?<br>Lapsology<br> <br><strong>4. The Description of Errors</strong><br>Error detection<br>Describing errors<br>Error Classification<br>Error Taxonomies<br>Counting errors<br>Profiling and Error Analysis<br>Computerized Corpora of Errors: ICLE - COALA<br> <br><strong>5. Levels of Error</strong><br>Medium errors<br>Text errors<br>Lexical errors<br>Classifying Lexical errors<br>Grammar errors<br>Discourse errors<br> <br><strong>6. Diagnosong Error</strong><br>Description and diagnosis<br>Ignorance and avoidance<br>Mother tongue influence: Interlingual errors<br>Target language causes: Intralingual errors<br>Learning-strategy based errors<br>Communication strategy based errors<br>Induced errors<br>Compound and ambiguous errors<br> <br><strong>7. Error Gravity and Error Evaluation</strong><br>Evaluation<br>Criteria for error gravity<br> <br><strong>8. Error Correction</strong><br>What is correction?<br>Whether to correct: pros and cons<br>How to do error correction: some options and principles<br>Noticing error<br> <br><strong>9. A Case Study</strong><br>Elicitation and registration<br>Error identification<br>Categorizing the errors<br>Status: error or mistake?<br>Diagnosis<br> <br>Bibliography<br>Index</p>