Failure in Piezoelectric Medium

One of the unique features of ceramics and polymers is the piezoelectric phenomenon which was discovered in 1880 by Curie brothers. In this feature by applying an external force on the surface of the material the internal dipoles of the material which are located in series along each other create an electric field. This feature is used in many industries such as aerospace medical equipment structures etc. Failure in piezoelectric materials and environments is measured by evaluating numerical indicators such as energy release rate stress intensity J integral etc.