Fraud Investigation Reports in Practice

<p>Investigation reports are written by fraud examiners after completion of internal reviews in client organizations when there was suspicion of financial wrongdoing. Fraud examiners are expected to answer questions regarding what happened, when it happened, how it happened, and why. This book presents a number of case studies of investigation reports by fraud examiners, offering a framework for studying the report as well as insights into convenience of fraud.</p><p>The case studies, including KPMG and PwC, focus on two important subjects. First, convenience themes are identified for each case. Themes derive from the theory of convenience, where fraud is a result of financial motives, organizational opportunities, and personal willingness for deviant behaviors. Second, review maturity is identified for each case. Review maturity derives from a stages-of-growth model, where the investigation is assigned a level of maturity based on explicit criteria. The book provides useful insights towards approaching fraud examinations to enable better understanding of the rational explanations for corporate fraud. The book is framed from the perspective of private policing, which contextualizes how investigation reports are examined.</p><p>This book is a valuable resource for scholars and upper-level students researching and studying auditing and investigation work in the corporate and public sectors. Business and management as well as criminal justice scholars and students will learn from the case studies how to frame a white-collar crime incident by application of convenience theory and how to evaluate a completed internal investigation by fraud examiners.</p> <p>Introduction </p><p>1. Convenient Organizational Opportunity </p><p>High Social Status in Privileged Positions </p><p>Legitimate Access to Crime Resources </p><p>Disorganized Institutional Deterioration </p><p>Lack of Oversight and Guardianship </p><p>Criminal Market Structures </p><p>Interactions between Crime Enablers </p><p>2. Born Free by Ernst & Young </p><p>Reactions from the Accused </p><p>Offender Convenience Themes </p><p>Fraud Investigation Outcome </p><p>Investigation Report Maturity </p><p>Examination Consequences </p><p>Examiners Review Examiners </p><p>Norwegian Foundation Authority </p><p>Lacking Directorate Response</p><p>3. Danske Bank by Plesner </p><p>The Previous Bank Scandal </p><p>Offender Convenience Themes </p><p>Fraud Investigation Outcome </p><p>Investigation Report Maturity </p><p>4. Equinor Energy by PwC </p><p>United States Onshore Oil </p><p>Offender Convenience Themes</p><p>Fraud Investigation Outcome </p><p>Investigation Report Maturity </p><p>5. Hurtigruten Cruises by Wiersholm </p><p>National Symbol Hurtigruten </p><p>Offender Convenience Themes </p><p>Fraud Investigation Outcome </p><p>Investigation Report Maturity </p><p>6. Norfund Foreign Aid by PwC </p><p>Business Email Compromise </p><p>Executive Email Impersonation </p><p>Offender Convenience Themes </p><p>Fraud Investigation Outcome </p><p>Investigation Report Maturity </p><p>7. Obos Housing Facilities by KPMG </p><p>Cooperative Member Revolt </p><p>Motive Convenience Themes </p><p>Opportunity Convenience Themes </p><p>Willingness Convenience Themes </p><p>Investigation Report Outcome </p><p>Investigation Maturity Assessment</p><p>8. Samherji Fishing by Wikborg Rein </p><p>Al Jazeera News Investigation </p><p>Kveikur News Investigation </p><p>Samherji Fishing Press Release </p><p>DNB Bank Corrupt Transactions </p><p>Whistleblower Johannes Stefansson </p><p>Wikborg Rein Fraud Investigation </p><p>White-Collar Crime Convenience </p><p>Al Jazeera Investigation Evaluation </p><p>9. Wirecard Banking by KPMG </p><p>Motive Convenience Themes 205</p><p>Opportunity Convenience Themes </p><p>Willingness Convenience Themes </p><p>Investigation Report Outcome </p><p>Investigation Maturity Assessment </p><p>10. Stanland Autobiography </p><p>White-Collar Support Member </p><p>Offender Convenience Themes </p><p>How He Reinvented Himself </p><p>White-Collar Support Group </p><p>Conclusion </p><p>Bibliography </p><p>Index </p>