From Artificial Intelligence to Brain Intelligence

Research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) is not new it has been around since 1950’s. AI resurfaced at that time while Moore’s law was on an aggressive path of scaling with the transformation of NMOS and later bipolar technology to CMOS for high performance low power as well as low cost applications.Several breakthroughs in the electronics industry helped to push Moore’s law in chip miniaturization along with increased computing power (parallel and distributed processing) and memory bandwidth. Once this paradigm shift occurred it naturally opened doors for AI as it required big data manipulations and thus AI could thrive again. AI has already shown success in industries such as finance marketing health care transportation gaming education and the defence and space to name but a few.The human brain amazingly has a memory in the order of millions of digital bits however it cannot compete with machines for data crunching and speed. Thus tomorrow’s world will be a World of Wonders of Artificial Intelligence (WOW- AI) to compensate the computational limitations of human beings. In short AI research and applications will continue to grow with the development of software algorithms and hardware accelerators.To continue the development of AI an advanced AI Compute Symposium was launched with the sponsorship of IBM IEEE CAS and EDS from which this book came. Overall the book covers two broad topics: general AI advances and applications to neuromorphic computing.