<p>Diverse introductory and interesting essays on Descartes Schopenhauer Marx Bergson Adam Smith David Ricardo Thomas Kuhn Hecksher Ohlin.</p> <p>Topics include: certainty conditions for knowledge empirical and a priori knowledge ego duration consciousness free-will alienation naturalism scientific revolutions profits rents classical and marginalist economics foreign trade theory. These essays were written when I was a graduate student in philosophy in the late 1960s at New York University and then a decade later as a graduate student in economics at the Graduate Faculty The New School for Social Research.</p> <p>After reading and digesting these essays the reader will be able to converse with philosophers and economists on these topics at dinner parties and other social gatherings as long as the reader keeps the conversation on a superficial level.</p>