General framework for soil and water resource management

Water and soil play an important role in agriculture. The geographical context of the research is the Fitamaria Fisakana and Sahanamby sub-watersheds in the Fandriana district Amoron'i Mania Region Madagascar. Each sub-catchment has these physical and morphometric characteristics: surface area A compactness index and slope index. A secondary character such as the overall slope index and intermediate calculation characters: perimeter P total vertical drop D length of equivalent rectangle L confluence ratio length ratio and drainage density. At present GIS can automatically calculate all the morphometric parameters of a sub-catchment as well as topography and elevation. According to the analysis of various researchers soils are grouped into different well-defined classes with solid constituents comprising mineral and organic constituents and liquid and gaseous constituents.