Genetic Polymorphism and type 2 diabetes

T2DM is a leading disease in the human people throughout the world mainly in developing countries with an incidence of 9.3% (Buse et al 2020). It is characterized by a chronically elevated high blood glucose level due to impairment in insulin action insulin secretion or both and dysregulation of protein and lipid metabolism. Other factor responsible for pathogenesis of T2DM are combined action of environmental dietary behavioral and genetic risk factors which play a major role in describing the susceptibility causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (Gloyn et al 2018).T2DM is mainly linked with obesity age overweight family history hypertension urbanization and oxidative stress (Sharma et al 2019). T2DM is a complex polygenic and heterogeneous disorder because it depends on multiple genetic loci and environmental factors (Apovian et al 2016). Environmental factors can lead to diabetes by affecting gene expression through epigenetic modifications. Around 30%-70% of T2DM risk can be recognized to inherited factors (Cariaso et al 2012). GWAS identified several genetic loci linked with T2DM (Florez et al 2008).