Handbook on Punishment Decisions

<p><em>Handbook on Punishment Decisions: Locations of Disparity</em> provides a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge on sites of disparity in punishment decision-making. This collection of essays and reports of original research defines disparity broadly to include the intersection of race/ethnicity, gender, age, citizenship/immigration status, and socioeconomic status, and it examines dimensions such as how pretrial or guilty plea processes shape exposure to punishment, how different types of sentencing decisions and/or policy structures (sentencing guidelines, mandatory minimums, risk assessment tools) might shape and condition disparity, and how post-sentencing decisions involving probation and parole contribute to inequalities. The sixteen contributions pull together what we know and what we don’t about punishment decision-making and plow new ground for further advances in the field.</p><p>The ASC Division on Corrections & Sentencing Handbook Series publishes volumes on topics ranging from violence risk assessment to specialty courts for drug users, veterans, or people with mental illness. Each thematic volume focuses on a single topical issue that intersects with corrections and sentencing research.</p> <p>Introduction (p. 1)<br><em>Jeffery T. Ulmer and Mindy S. Bradley</em></p><p><strong>Part I: Policy Choices and Mass Punishment</strong></p><p>Chapter 1: What We Know, Do Not Know, and Need to Know About Sentencing and Mass Incarceration in the U.S. and What "Sentencing" Research Could Teach Us (p. 11) <br><em>Rodney L. Engen</em></p><p>Chapter 2: Mass Probation and Inequality: Race, Class, and Gender Disparities in Supervision and Revocation (p. 43)<br><em>Michelle S. Phelps</em> </p><p>Chapter 3: Sowing the Seeds of Future Justice System Disparities:" School Punishment and the School to Prison Pipeline (p. 67)<br><em>Aaron Kupchik and Akilah Alleyne</em></p><p><strong>Part II: Disparities in Pre-Conviction Processes</strong></p><p>Chapter 4: Cumulative Disadvantage and the Geography of Racial Inequality in Criminal Punishment<strong> (</strong>p. 83)<br><em>Marisa Omori and Rachel Lautenschlager</em></p><p>Chapter 5: Escape From Punishment: Exploring the Sealing of a Criminal Record and Potential Disparities in Its Application (p. 109)<br><em>Megan C. Kurlychek and Heather M. Washington</em></p><p>Chapter 6: Discretion in the Absence of Guidelines: Charge Bargaining and Sentencing for Felony Defendants in New York (p. 133)<br><em>Shi Yan, Shawn D. Bushway, and Allison D. Redlich</em></p><p>Chapter 7: Perspectives Informing Defense Attorney Effects on Criminal Case Outcomes (p. 153)<br><em>John Wooldredge, James Frank, and Natalie Goulette</em> </p><p><strong>Part III: Disparities in Punishment Outcomes</strong></p><p>Chapter 8: Focal Concerns Theory as Conceptual Tool for Studying Intersectionality in Sentencing Disparities: Focus on Gender and Race Along with Age (p. 189)<br><em>Darrell Steffensmeier and Noah Painter-Davis</em> </p><p>Chapter 9: Racial and Ethnic Disparities among Female Offenders Adjudicated in Federal Courts: Explicating the Patterns of Disparities Using a Path Model (p. 211)<br><em>Cassia C. Spohn, Pauline K. Brennan, and Byungbae Kim</em></p><p>Chapter 10: Studying Ethnic Disparities in Sentencing: The Importance of Refining Ethnic Minority Measures (p. 239)<br><em>Hilde Wermink, Sigrid van Wingerden, Johan van Wilsem, and Paul Nieuwbeerta</em></p><p>Chapter 11: The Relationship between the Gender of the Probation Officer and Judicial Sentencing: Implications for Black Male Offenders (p. 265)<br><em>Michael J. Leiber, Jennifer H. Peck, Melanie Valentin Rosa, and Tayler Shreve</em></p><p>Chapter 12: Race, Facial Appearance, and the Focal Concerns of Sentencing (p. 291)<br><em>Brian D. Johnson and Rebecca Richardson</em></p><p>Chapter 13: Towards the Development of a Standardized Focal Concerns Theory of Sentencing (p. 311)<br><em>Sean Maddan and Richard D. Hartley</em></p><p><strong>Part IV: Risk: Race, Age, and Social Class</strong></p><p>Chapter 14: Assessment of Offender Risk at Sentencing: A Potential for Disparity? (p. 339)<br><em>Julia A. Laskorunsky</em></p><p>Chapter 15: Assessment Disparities After Federal Incarceration in Canada (p. 363)<br><em>Rose Ricciardelli, Michael Adorjan, and James Lant</em></p><p>Chapter 16: "Objects of Concern" or "Risky Young Offenders"? Assessment and Intervention With Children in the Public Care and Youth Justice Systems of England and Wales (p. 385)<br><em>Jonathan Evans</em> </p><p>Index</p>