Handling Sin

Penance confession and their texts (penitential and confessors' manuals) are important topics for an understanding of the middle ages in relation to a wide range of issues from medieval social thought to Chaucer's background. These essays treat a variety of different aspects of the topic: subjects include the frequency and character of early medieval penance; the summae and manuals for confessors and the ways in which these texts (written by males for males) constructed women as sexual in nature; William of Auvergne's remarkable writing on penance; and the relevance of confessors' manuals for demographic history. John Baldwin's major study From the Ordeal to Confession delivered as a Quodlibet lecture traces the appearance in French romances of the themes of a penitent's contrition the priest's job in listening and the application of the spiritual conseil and penitence.