<ul> <li> <em>(1) The long period of analysis: Unique is the approach to present several substance biographies which analyze the handling of various hazardous chemicals in different countries during the course of two centuries.</em></li> <li> <em>(2) The comparative approach applied to several different substances and several countries.</em></li> <li> <em>(3) The broad introduction which traces the concept of poison and that of hazardous chemicals from Antiquity until our time gives a valuable overview over the evolving toxicological knowledge and the reaction of the society to that knowledge in different countries.</em></li> <li> <em>(4) Putting the history of toxic substances into the larger context of hazardous substances.</em></li></ul>