Mathematics is an indispensable subject of study. It plays an important role in forming the basis of all other sciences which deal with the material substance of space and time. Mathematics may be broadly described as the science of space time measurement quantities shapes and numbers and their relationships with each other. Pure mathematics is mainly concerned with concepts that are based on the rules of mathematics. Applied mathematics on the other hand is that branch of Mathematics that is applied to other branches such as chemistry physics mechanics biology etc. In practical world pure mathematics and applied mathematics overlap each other. The concepts of pure mathematics are often used by applied mathematicians to find out practical solutions. This book entitled “Heat Conduction and Thermoelasticity of Structural Materials” focuses on the mathematical modeling of uncoupled thermoelastic behavior in different solids having homogeneous nonhomogeneous thermosensitive and functionally graded material properties.