Human Wildlife Conflict and Management: Gravity and Interventions

Human–wildlife conflict (HWC) has emerged as a major sustainability challenge caused by human expansion into natural ecosystems. As forests decline and farmlands spread wild animals are forced into human spaces triggering frequent clashes. Factors like climate change habitat destruction and resource competition worsen the issue threatening both communities and wildlife. This book explores the causes consequences and solutions to HWC aiming to promote coexistence. The impacts are grave—people lose crops livestock and even lives while animals face retaliatory killings and habitat loss disrupting ecological balance. Addressing HWC needs integrated action through policy reforms technology and community participation. Successful global approaches include Asia’s community-led conservation Africa’s wildlife-based economies and South America’s agroforestry systems. India especially Kerala has pioneered innovative people-centered strategies using technology and traditional wisdom. Through global insights and local experiences this book highlights pathways toward harmony between humans and wildlife.Dr Reji D. Nair is PhD in Economics from Kerala University (1997). He is a prolific author with 24 books- 13 academic and 11 literary - and over 70 research papers in renowned journals. His academic works spans topics like land use environment forest conservation sustainable development natural resource management agrarian development education and Middle East and African Economies. His important books include Land Economics: Issues in Land Use (2003) Emerging Africa: Potential and Challenges (2009) Natural Resources Management and Agrarian Development (2010) Role of Indigenous Communities in Forest Conservation: Lessons from Africa (2010) Farm Management: Theory and Practice (2011) Employee Empowerment and Job Satisfaction (2015) Graduate Employability in GCC Countries (2020) Managing Climate Change (2025) and Zero to Hero & Hero to Superstar- Igniting Young Minds (2025). Nair’s books are cataloged in prestigious libraries such as the US Congress Library. With teaching experiences across India the UAE Saudi Arabia and Ethiopia he is also a certified trainer and motivational speaker. His literary contributions in Malayalam include novels and children’s literature some of which have been translated into various languages.