Impacts Monitoring and Management of Forest Pests and Diseases

Forest pests have diverse negative impacts on forestry economy ecosystem services biodiversity and sustainable ecosystem management. The first step towards effectively managing forest pests would be to monitor their occurrence and assess their impact on forest ecosystems. The monitoring results can provide basic information for effective management strategies. The data from monitoring programs can result in the development of new methods for monitoring assessing impact and developing management techniques. This special issue aims to share information to assist in the effective management of forest pests by understanding the responses of forest pests to natural and anthropogenic changes and discussing new studies on the monitoring assessment and management of forest pests. The fourteen papers included in this issue focus on monitoring assessing and managing forest pests including one editorial providing an overall idea of the monitoring assessment and management of forest pests two articles reviewing long-term changes in forest pests and forests four papers focusing on the monitoring of forest pests three papers on the assessment of forest pests and four papers on the management of forest pests. These papers provide a better understanding of the structures and processes in forest ecosystems and fundamental information for the effective management of forest pests.