Implementing the OECD Framework for Industry's Net-Zero Transition in South Africa

South Africa's iron and steel sector is a cornerstone of the national economy and a major contributor to industrial emissions. Representing 1.5% of GDP and supporting 200 000 jobs the sector faces mounting pressure to align with global net-zero commitments and has suffered a loss of competitiveness in the last decades. While incremental upgrades to electric arc furnace technologies are economically viable transformative solutions such as renewable hydrogen-based iron and steel production and carbon capture remain significantly costlier than conventional production routes. Yet its abundant solar and wind potential and strategic mineral reserves provides a competitive edge to South Africa for transitioning its industry. This report identifies key barriers to iron and steel decarbonisation including high capital costs limited access to low-cost renewable energy and the low reliability of supporting infrastructure. Moreover it analyses a wide array of potential levers and solutions building on international experience and recommends a set of policy measures and financial instruments to improve the enabling conditions and unlock investment by 2030. With the right mix of policy ambition financial innovation and stakeholder alignment South Africa can not only meet its own decarbonisation goals but also become a hub for low-emissions iron and steel production.