Investing in Protection

Since the early 1990s the world has seen an explosion of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) between North and South. Mark Manger argues that current North-South PTAs are not primarily about liberalizing exports as is usually assumed. Rather they are driven by the needs of foreign direct investment. The interests of multinational firms in investing in developing countries converge with the desires of the host countries to attract foreign capital. Yet to be politically feasible in the developed country North-South PTAs must discriminate against third countries. PTAs thus create a competitive dynamic between countries as excluded firms lobby their governments to restore access to important investment locations leading to yet more preferential agreements. Based on extensive research in Europe Japan and the Americas and interviews with decision-makers in governments and the private sector this book offers a new perspective on the roles of the state and corporations in international trade.