Israel's Fateful Existential Wars

<p class=ql-align-justify>Major wars and threats of war have endangered Israel since her inception in 1948 though these fears have been interspersed with the occasional temporary relaxation of tensions. </p><p class=ql-align-justify></p><p class=ql-align-justify>So far the Founding War in 1948-49 and the rout of Arabs in 1967 have constituted the greatest victorious breakthroughs in Israel's existence. </p><p class=ql-align-justify></p><p class=ql-align-justify>But under the appearance of peaceful intentions the terrorist Hamas among the Palestinians with the active support of Iran Qatar and others broke the tenuous peaceful trend Israel has seen when Hamas launched its cowardly onslaught of murder on sleepy Israeli villages on that day of infamy of October 7 2023 massacring 1300 inhabitants and taking into captivity 250 more as hostages.</p><p class=ql-align-justify></p><p class=ql-align-justify>The October 7 attack shook the world and still shuffles the political cards of the Middle East conflict. President Trump agreed with PM Netanyahu and Arab and Muslim leaders for a peace plan on September 29 2025 yet to be implemented.</p><p></p><p><strong>(About the Author)</strong></p><p class=ql-align-justify>Raphael Israeli has taught Islamic Chinese and Middle Eastern history at Hebrew University in Jerusalem. A graduate of Hebrew University in history and Arabic literature he earned a Ph.D. in Chinese and Islamic history from the University of California Berkeley. Now retired he has been a Fellow of the Harry Truman Research Institute at Hebrew University and the Jerusalem Center since the1970s. He is the author of more than 115 books and 100 articles.</p><p class=ql-align-justify></p><p class=ql-align-justify></p><p class=ql-align-justify></p><p></p>