Lung Cavities

Pulmonary cavity lesions are extremely complex pulmonary pathologies due to the problem of a diagnosis as well as their therapeutic management. The etiological spectrum includes on the one hand necrotizing infections (pneumonia pulmonary tuberculosis abscesses with parasites fungi) and on the other hand non-infectious conditions (necrotic pulmonary neoplasm infected pulmonary infarction vasculitis collagenoses with pulmonary cavities by immunological mechanism aspiration intrabronchial foreign body congenital pulmonary malformations excavated pneumoconiosis etc.). The differential diagnosis of lung cavity formations is often laborious involving numerous paraclinical investigations starting from sputum examination to imaging (conventional radiography computed tomography with contrast substance) bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage transbronchial biopsy transthoracic biopsy serological and immunological tests and microbiological investigations. Conventional lung radiography remains one of the basic methods in the diagnosis of lung diseases but sometimes it requires the addition of other investigative methods with higher accuracy.