<p>This Special Issue includes 10 contributions centered on aquatic plants (and charophytes) in inland waters with different approaches: floristic contributions and new reports of interesting or rare species ecological studies on the use of macrophytes to characterize rivers and ponds a genetic study to assess the diversity of an aquatic species within and among populations the importance of herbaria in the study of a species and finally a couple of interesting reviews on the use of hydrophytes and charophytes in wetland restoration.</p>