Mathematical Modeling

The co-infection of tuberculosis (TB) and malaria poses significant challenges for public health particularly in regions where both diseases are endemic. This study presents a mathematical model to elucidate the dynamics of TB and malaria co-infection considering the influence of interference treatments and vaccination resistance. The model incorporates compartmental dynamics for susceptible latent TB-infected active TB-infected malaria-exposed symptomatic malaria-infected co-infected and recovered individuals. Additionally it integrates mechanisms of interference between treatments for TB and malaria as well as compartments representing vaccinated individuals and those resistant to vaccination.