Ethicists and medical scholars agree that adverse medical events should be disclosed to patients and families. However defining what constitutes a medical error can be difficult.Richard George Boudreau a maxillofacial surgeon bioethicist attorney and forensic expert examines medical errors and adverse medical events - as well as how apologies and disclosures can actually reduce litigation costs. Get the answers to questions such as: - Why is litigation the wrong way to deal with medical error?- What has led to the medical culture of deny and defend?- How can disputes be resolved without litigation?- Can communication and resolution programs be more effective?The book contains a history of medicine medical errors and litigation; outlines what philosophers have said about medical error; and contains case studies on what to do and what not to do.